Exercise 3

deficit   adjust   exposure  condense  asset   competent

Precise    exceed   beneficial  adequate

Exercise 4

  al/  ial

1.manager (n)---managerial (adj)

2.editor (n) ---editorial (adj) 

3. substantial (adj)---  substance (n)

4. survive  (v)----survival (n)

5. traditional  (adj)---tradition (n)

6.marginal (adj) --margin  (n)

cy

1.consistent (adj)_-consistency (n)

2. accurate (adj)---accuracy (n)

3. efficiency (n) ---efficient  (adj)

-y

1. recover (v) -- recovery (n)

2. minister (n) ----ministry (n)

3. assemble (v)  --assembly (n)

Exercise  5

Exercise 7

be serious about   make sense    run into   be attracted to distinguish between    thrust upon  get lose  feel obliged to look upon as  be allergic to 

Unit 2

Exercise 3

boost   prospect   calculate   accelerate   promote 

Mystery   destruction   analysis    insight   barrier

4. To live with a family whose native language is English is the ideal way to further improve one’s English and to gain_   insight___ into its culture.

5. there is a real need to _boost __ academic achievement in schools and help with the development of a student’s overall character.

6. Einstein said his scientific discovery grew from his imagination rather than from _ analysis__, reason and language.

7. Being a single parent, there is no way for her to__calculate____ the time and energy she has devoted to her children for the past 10 years.

8. it is essential that you start by listening because one of the main __barriers___teenagers and their parents face in forming positive relationship is that neither listens to the other.

9. We all know the dangers of an earthquake: the __destruction____ to buildings, the troubles can be caused by falling trees, and the terror occurs when the earth actually opens up.

Exercise 5

Exercise  7

prepare for   be bound to   stand up for   in favor of    speculate about   in the company of    in the form of      be liable to     invest---with---    in succession

2. Some reform advocates ignore the impact of class size on the student achievement, and they are __in favor of ______ what they call as a priority: teacher effectiveness.

3. because of easy access to the Internet, the new breakthrough to create something truly creative ___is bound __to___ happen anytime now.

4. Indeed, if teachers want to ____speculate about__ how far students might get in life, a better measurement than grades might be how hard the students try.

5. Nature has __invested____ these animals __with____ a capacity for not showing fear.

6. During the weeks of discussion, delegations from groups who are interested in the resolution may call on representatives to ____stand up for _____ their point of view.

7. Plato was a superb writer, and his works are part of the world’ s great literature. Most of his existing work is ___in the form of____ dialogs and letters.

8. Young people should enter into a broad flexible training program, through which they can learn a lot and be_____prepared  for_____ their future career.

9.The young man is very happy and proud to be ___in the company of _ the old professor, because he always feel great when talking with him.

10. One day they passed more than 20 villages _____in succession_____, and some of these are said to have stretched for six miles or more.

Unit 3

Exercise 3

phase       label    parallel   sensible   peculiar   

equivalent   radical   resent    predict    witness

1.Ernest Hemingway’s keen insight into his society, ardent love for people and perceptive ability helped him to form his own _peculiar___ characteristic of writing.

2.The project is on the point of collapse, and unless something very__radical___ is done to repair the damage there will be no hope for the project.

3. It’s not unusual for teenagers to go through a(n) _phase___ when they feel ashamed of their parents, afraid that they might not live up to their friends’ standards.

4.It is _sensible___ for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake.

5. Economists are interested in all the factors that can help to _predict____ the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand in the market.

6.Starting Monday, all foods _labeled___ “ organic” must be up to the strict national demands that the government decided to put into effect now.

7.There is more to a woman than her looks, so I __resent___ the fact that after a woman grows old and loses her looks people stop paying attention to her.

8.Apart from technological development, the 20th century __witnessed____ an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.

9.Unlike the practice in China, if you’re at a hotel restaurant in the United States, expect a 15-20 percent service charge or add the __equivalent____ amount yourself.

10.The change in smoking habits __parallels ____ a change in the incidence of lung cancer. The more people smoke, the more chances of occurrence for lunge cancer.

Exercise 5

Exercise 7

resort to   prior to   make allowances for

back off    wonder at   give way to

saddle with  base upon/ on

1.As the result of her divorce, she was obviously __saddled with_____ the double burden of playing the role of both mother and father.

2.Don’t be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don’t ___back off_____ when facing competition; inner confidence is important.

3. As our sweet childhood __gives way to ____ adolescence’s temptation of love, we begin to learn, as adults, that most pleasures do not last forever.

4. In the economic recession, employers ___resorted to ___ the reduction of costs, most particularly in wages, in order to survive in the competitive world markets.

5. People from abroad can take part in the intensified language program because schools have to __make allowances for____ students whose English is not their first language.

6.Talking about negotiation, once an agreement is made, the Chinese sometimes__wonder at __ the slow pace in which Westerners implement the decision.

7. Earthquakes occur without warning; however, is is claimed that some animals can feel earthquakes ___prior to __ occurrences because of their highly sensitive organs.

8. An allowance can be __based on ___ your child’s age, your own financial resources, the expenses it will cover and the goals you and your child wish to accomplish.

Unit 4

Exercise 3

commence  deserve  tempting   coordinate    lodge  confess    grant    proceed    display    consequently

Exercise  5

1. Employers have found that many young competitors have the basic and best _____qualifications__ ( qualify) for success and they are intelligent, creative and hard-working.

2.Since parents are usually the major source of social support in early life, a child’s ____perception___( perceive) of parental love may have important effects on their life.

3.The storm was the most powerful to hit Hawaii this century. It greatly destroyed the sugar and coffee ___plantations___ (plant).

4.Scientists have developed through hard work a new material that cannot be ____compressed___(compress) even under extremely high pressure.

5.Law students tend to become highly concerned with matters of proper procedure and ____exhibit____ (exhibition) an increased tendency to reason.

6.He was a greedy person and never felt ___contented____(content) with what he had, so he could hardly make any close friends.

7.Your fashion choices make a statement about your interests and intentions, and these statements are subject to cultural ___interpretation____(interpret).

8.Both sides of the negotiation should create conditions for the peaceful resolution of the issue and avoid taking actions that would ____complicate____(complicated) the situation further.

9.The architecture student could not understand their professor’s__illustration__( illustrate ) of the new library structure until he showed them the plans.

10.After an analysis of his personality, I realized that his stories were a(n) ___extension___(extend) of his desires to rise to higher and higher positions.

11.Car manufacturers stamp vehicle ___identification____(identify) numbers at several locations on new cars to help track down the vehicles in case they are stolen.

12. The defense lawyer gave many excellent examples to show that the police officer had acted in self-defense and shot the man with ____justification____( justify)

Exercise 7

immune to  fall in love with 

go along with    on one’s behalf

be filled with   take the liberty of

expel from   be pessimistic about

Unit  5

Exercise  3

manipulate  contradict   paradox  perspective    defy  

suspend    tackle       retain    derive        explicit

1.The "discipline" message asks people to save while the "enjoy yourself" message asks people to spend; therefore, they _____contradict ___ each other.

2.It is a(n) ___paradox ___that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.

3.It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child’s____perspective ____ and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.

4.When you are writing any directions for people,you've got to be direct and____explicit ____to make everything rightly understood.

5.The new teaching program was___suspended_____ last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.

6.He is a very considerate and generous person,and he is also one of those who can often __derive______pleasure from helping others.

7.Many children are addicted to computers, so they often___defy____their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.

8.My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still__retains____ his good humor after all the setbacks.

9.There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is____manipulating____events behind the scenes.

10.The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to___tackle_____ the problem of climate change.

Exercise  5

1.Public opinion was becoming more___concentrated_____ on environmental pollution problems; more and more people were discussing and arguing about them.(concentration)

2.Martin Luther King is a(n)__messenger____worked for peace: he has shown the Western world that a struggle can be waged without.(message)

3.Every man ought not to steal, cheat, or destroy the property of others. There is no place for this sort of behavior in a(n)___civilized____society.(civilization)

4.The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US __Constitution___,but nowadays no one seems quite sure what exactly is meant by happiness.(constitute)

5.You will need to replace your old___browser___ and install a new one. You will need this new software to view web pages.(browse)

6.Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned up the volume on her player, paying no attention to her father's____objection__.(object)

7. As a college student, you should learn things extensively and aim for a(n)___expansion_____ of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.(expand)

8. Because women care much about their appearance and restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not__consume__ enough Iron-rich food.(consumer)

9.The problem is that most students don't really know the exact___definition___of plagiarism(剽窃) or its consequences, so they don't consider it a serious crime.(define)

10.Garden__cultivation___of roses began about 5,000 years ago. They were used at celebrations, for medical purposes, and as a source of perfume.(cultivate)

11. The talks next week will focus on economic development of the region and our immediate__reaction___to the ever-worsening condition of the environment.(react)

12.The_negotiation____on the trade disputes between the two super large companies went on for years as neither side would give in.(negotiate)

Exercise  7

take stock of    put off        at odds with   on track  

take in         consult with    refer to      do one’s utmost

1.People who work in offices are___referred to ____ as“ white- collar workers"for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.

2.When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was _at odds with ___his earlier statement made a few hours ago.

3.In order to persuade his daughter to ___put off___the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race.

4.The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without__consulting with____ the child's doctor.

5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to___do their utmost___ when they see their parents making similar efforts.

6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie__took stock of ___her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.

7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay___on track___.

8.It is very important for students to understand and___take in___new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.